Which two electrolytes in the dialysate are most likely to change if the patient's lab values change?

In the context of dialysis, the alteration of specific electrolytes in the dialysate can directly correspond to changes in a patient's lab values, particularly for calcium and potassium. Calcium is critical in managing bone health and preventing complications such as hyperparathyroidism, and any imbalances in a patient's calcium levels often necessitate adjustments in the dialysate formulation. Potassium, on the other hand, is vital in regulating heart function and muscle contractions. Patients with renal failure frequently experience issues with potassium levels, whether it is hyperkalemia or hypokalemia, requiring careful monitoring and frequently necessitating adjustments in the dialysate to reach desired potassium concentrations.

Sodium and magnesium, while also important, are generally less subject to dramatic changes in dialysis settings. Chloride and bicarbonate adjustments, although present, are not as directly responsive to lab value changes as calcium and potassium. Phosphorus and sulfate are typically not manipulated in the dialysate itself but rather managed through dietary adjustments and phosphate binders due to their roles in metabolism and excretion. This makes calcium and potassium the most likely electrolytes to change in response to lab value fluctuations in patients undergoing dialysis.