Which complications can occur from dialysis treatment?

Dialysis treatment, while life-saving for individuals with kidney failure, can lead to various complications. The correct answer highlights some of the most significant and commonly reported complications associated with the process of dialysis.

Hypotension, or low blood pressure, is a common complication, particularly during the treatment process, as fluid is removed rapidly from the body. This can lead to dizziness or fainting. Cramping, especially muscle cramps, is another frequent issue that patients may experience during or after dialysis, likely due to shifts in fluids and electrolytes. Infection is also a serious risk, particularly at the site of the dialysis access point, whether it be a catheter or a fistula. Infections can lead to severe complications if not managed properly.

The other options present complications that are not as directly tied to the dialysis treatment itself. For example, kidney stones and back pain could occur due to other underlying conditions rather than being a direct result of dialysis. Chronic fatigue and nausea might be experienced by dialysis patients, but these symptoms are more indicative of the overall kidney disease rather than acute complications from the dialysis session. Similarly, headaches and shortness of breath can be experienced by many patients, but they are not the specific complications typically associated with dialysis treatment.

In summary,