What are the common complications associated with hemodialysis?

Common complications associated with hemodialysis primarily include hypotension, muscle cramps, nausea, and infection.

Hypotension often occurs during sessions due to rapid fluid removal, which can lead to decreased blood volume and resulting low blood pressure. Muscle cramps may arise from changes in electrolytes or fluid shifts during dialysis, causing uncomfortable contractions in muscles. Nausea is a frequent complaint, which can be attributed to the accumulation of toxins in the bloodstream that are not adequately cleared during the treatment, or due to the body's reaction to the dialysis process itself. Lastly, the risk of infection is significant due to the use of catheters, which can introduce pathogens into the bloodstream, leading to serious complications.

Identifying these complications and their causes is crucial for healthcare providers to manage patients effectively during their hemodialysis sessions. This understanding helps ensure necessary interventions can be put in place, improving patient safety and treatment outcomes.