If a nurse assesses a patient with an apical pulse of 48, what is the nurse's initial action?

When a nurse assesses a patient and finds an apical pulse of 48 beats per minute, the initial action should be to contact the attending physician. This is primarily because bradycardia, defined as a heart rate slower than normal, can indicate underlying health issues that may require immediate medical attention. A pulse rate of 48 is significantly lower than the typical resting heart rate range for adults (60-100 bpm) and can lead to inadequate blood flow and insufficient oxygen delivery to the body's organs.

Prompt communication with the physician ensures that the patient receives appropriate evaluation and intervention in a timely manner. The physician may decide to investigate further or initiate treatment to address the bradycardia, which could include adjusting medications, ordering additional diagnostics, or other interventions based on the patient's overall clinical picture.

Other actions such as documenting the finding, administering medication, or performing a full cardiovascular assessment are important, but they are not the immediate priority in this scenario. Documentation should occur after the immediate risks have been addressed, medication should only be administered based on the physician’s orders, and performing a comprehensive assessment would typically follow the initial report and management of the abnormal finding.